John Sencindiver (center) discusses a reclaimed mine site

Marty Rabenhorst discusses a soil formed in a marl deposit

Minesoil formed in spoil deposit high in carbolithic materials

Colluvial soil with distinct frangipan (starting around 45 cm)

Frangipan prism faces are often depleted and these voids are commonly exploited by roots

Spodosol formed at high elevations above Canaan Valley

Windswept trees are common at high elevations, such as on the Allegheny Front

Alluvium deposited over shale on a high terrace of the South Branch of the Potomac